Nasal and paranasal tumors are abnormal growths that develop in the nasal cavity and the air-filled chambers around the nose called paranasal sinuses. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and the specific type of tumor determines the appropriate treatment.
Symptoms of nasal and paranasal tumors may include difficulty breathing through the nose, loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, nasal discharge, facial swelling or pain, watery eyes, sores or lesions in the mouth, vision problems, neck lumps, and difficulty opening the mouth.
The development of nasal and paranasal tumors is attributed to genetic mutations that transform normal cells into abnormal ones. Risk factors for these tumors include smoking, exposure to air pollution, long-term exposure to chemicals and irritants at work, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).
Diagnosis of nasal and paranasal tumors involves endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and sinuses, collection of tissue samples for biopsy, and imaging tests such as CT scans and MRIs. Additional tests may be recommended based on individual circumstances.
Treatment for nasal and paranasal tumors depends on the location and type of cells involved. Surgery is the primary approach, which can be performed through open surgery or minimally invasive methods using nasal endoscopy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used in conjunction with surgery or as standalone treatments. Palliative care is also available to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with nasal and paranasal tumors.