Nonallergic rhinitis is a condition characterized by chronic symptoms of a congested, drippy nose and sneezing, without any apparent allergic triggers. While the symptoms may resemble those of hay fever (allergic rhinitis), there is no evidence of an allergic reaction present.
This condition can affect individuals of all ages, but it is more commonly observed in adults over the age of 20. The triggers for nonallergic rhinitis can vary and may include certain odors or irritants in the air, changes in weather, certain medications, specific foods, and chronic health conditions.
Symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis typically persist throughout the year, with some individuals experiencing constant symptoms while others may have symptoms that come and go. Common symptoms include a stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, postnasal drip (mucus in the throat), and cough. Unlike allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis usually does not cause itching in the nose, eyes, or throat.
It is advisable to consult a doctor if the symptoms are severe, do not respond to over-the-counter medications or self-care measures, or if there are bothersome side effects from the medications used to manage rhinitis.
The exact cause of nonallergic rhinitis is unknown. However, it is believed to occur when blood vessels in the nose expand and fill the nasal lining with blood and fluid. Several factors can trigger nonallergic rhinitis, including environmental or occupational irritants, weather changes, infections, certain foods and beverages, certain medications, hormone changes, and conditions such as sleeping on your back, sleep apnea, or acid reflux.
Certain factors may increase the risk of developing nonallergic rhinitis, such as exposure to irritants, age (usually occurring after age 20), prolonged use of decongestant nasal drops or sprays, being female, occupational exposure to fumes, having certain health problems, and experiencing stress.
Complications of nonallergic rhinitis can include nasal polyps (benign growths that obstruct the nasal passages), sinusitis (infection or inflammation of the sinuses), middle ear infections, and interference with daily activities.
Preventing nonallergic rhinitis is challenging, but recent research suggests that consuming oily fish or certain polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of developing nonallergic and allergic rhinitis, particularly in children. Avoiding triggers, not overusing nasal decongestants, and seeking appropriate treatment that effectively reduces symptoms are important steps in managing nonallergic rhinitis.
Diagnosing nonallergic rhinitis involves evaluating the symptoms, ruling out other potential causes (especially allergies), and may involve certain tests. Skin tests and blood tests can help determine if allergies are present, while nasal endoscopy and CT scans may be used to assess the sinuses and rule out other conditions.
Treatment for nonallergic rhinitis depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases can often be managed with home remedies and avoidance of triggers. Medications such as saline nasal sprays, corticosteroid nasal sprays, antihistamine nasal sprays, anti-drip anticholinergic nasal sprays, and decongestants can provide relief for more bothersome symptoms. In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to address complications or underlying issues.
Lifestyle and home remedies that can help alleviate symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis include rinsing nasal passages with saline solution, gently blowing the nose, using humidifiers to moisten the air, staying hydrated, and avoiding triggers