Chronic Cough: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
A chronic cough is a persistent cough that lasts for eight weeks or longer in adults, or four weeks in children. It can be more than just a nuisance, as it can disrupt sleep and leave you feeling exhausted. In severe cases, it can even lead to complications such as vomiting, lightheadedness, and rib fractures.
Common Causes:
Tobacco use
Postnasal drip
Asthma
Acid reflux
Symptoms: A chronic cough can be accompanied by other signs and symptoms, including:
Runny or stuffy nose
Feeling of liquid running down the back of your throat (postnasal drip)
Frequent throat clearing and sore throat
Hoarseness
Wheezing and shortness of breath
Heartburn or sour taste in the mouth
Rarely, coughing up blood
Less common causes of chronic cough include infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), certain medications, and other underlying conditions.
Complications: Persistent coughing can lead to several problems, such as:
Sleep disruption
Headache
Dizziness
Vomiting
Excessive sweating
Loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence)
Fractured ribs
Passing out (syncope)
Diagnosis: To determine the cause of your chronic cough, your doctor will ask about your medical history, perform a physical exam, and may order tests. Imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans can help check for lung diseases or sinus infections. Lung function tests such as spirometry can diagnose asthma and COPD. Lab tests and scope tests may also be conducted if needed.
Treatment: The treatment for chronic cough depends on the underlying cause. Quitting smoking and addressing any medication-related causes are important steps. Treatment options may include:
Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and decongestants for allergies and postnasal drip
Inhaled asthma drugs (corticosteroids and bronchodilators)
Antibiotics for bacterial, fungal, or mycobacterial infections
Acid blockers or surgery for acid reflux
Cough suppressants to alleviate symptoms temporarily
It’s important to note that over-the-counter cough and cold medicines are not recommended for children, and their effectiveness is limited.
Remember, if you’re experiencing a chronic cough, consult a healthcare professional to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment